Biomarkers play a crucial role in the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases, enabling early and differential diagnosis, patient stratification, and assessment of therapy effectiveness in clinical practice. In neurodegenerative diseases, the discovery of new biomarkers is urgently needed to advance personalized medicine—where therapies are already available—or to optimize therapeutic monitoring in clinical trials. This project aims to validate a new promising biomarker for Alzheimer’s and other neurodegenerative diseases, such as proNGF, the precursor of NGF. A specific immunoassay has already been developed by our team. In particular, proNGF has been quantified in large cohorts of cerebrospinal fluid samples from patients across diagnostic groups using our patented assay, showing statistically significant differences and, importantly, improved diagnostic accuracy. Our objectives are to: i) validate this biomarker in larger patient cohorts; ii) improve assay sensitivity, including through the use of nanotechnologies, to enable detection in less invasive biological fluids; and iii) investigate post-translational modifications of proNGF, such as glycosylation, which might be used as additional biomarkers. This project has a clear translational focus while also contributing to the understanding of disease mechanisms and advancing basic research.