This project develops innovative Lab-on-Chip platforms by integrating (mechano)chemically engineered carbon-based nanomaterials (CBMs) into polymeric materials to produce nanocomposites that can be used with advanced manufacturing techniques like 3D printing, injection molding, and DLP. It has a dual focus: first, creating highly specific electrochemical sensors for neurodegenerative biomarkers using functionalized graphene and carbon nanotubes enhanced with antibodies and molecularly imprinted polymers, supported by AI-driven data analysis for real-time monitoring; second, fabricating versatile carbon-based electrodes through additive manufacturing for neural stimulation and recording. These electrodes will be evaluated in vitro or in vivo to assess their impact on neuronal growth, maturation, and synaptic connectivity. By optimizing CBM properties and electrode designs, the project aims to advance neurotechnology for early disease diagnosis, improved monitoring of neurodegenerative conditions, and innovative approaches to nerve regeneration, paving the way for future in vivo neuromodulation applications.