Research activities focus on the development of optical biosensors for integration into organ-on- chip devices, aiming to enable real-time monitoring of key physiological and biochemical parameters such as pH, oxygen, and cytokines. The approach involves the use of microfluidic technologies and miniaturized optical components to create platforms capable of providing continuous and quantitative data without interfering with tissue model functionality. Sensor integration within the chips is designed to ensure compatibility with the biological environment and support applications in pharmacology, toxicology, and personalized medicine. Particular attention is given to optimizing the sensitivity and selectivity of the sensors, as well as their ability to operate under dynamic and complex conditions typical of in vitro biological systems. These research efforts aim to enhance the predictive value of organ-on-chip models, making them increasingly reliable tools for studying cellular and tissue responses